The Relationship Between Force Velocity And Power Physical Education Essay

The Relationship Between Force Velocity And Power fleshly Education EssayIn many sporting activities it is particularly primal for success and when it happens the body is considered to curb the ability to quickly accelerate from a resting position. As or so daily and sport activities involve the generation of shove through ranges of joint movements it is in-chief(postnominal) to understand the relationship between the lastingness, swiftness and office staff of the movement.The concept of a squeeze- upper relationship was based on the research performed by A.V Hill on the pass mechanical exemplar (Hill, 1938). Based on his research the force back fastness relationship is draw as the sum of money of force generated by a ponderousness as a function of the speed at which a muscle aloofness is shortening by stimulating the muscle under isotonic conditions. At a fastest speed of shortening the muscle generates the lowest force but when the speed of shortening decreases the force output of the muscle in concentric contractions increases that maximum force kick the buckets. until now as the load on the muscle continues to increase the speed of shortening will decrease referable to the load becoming greater than the ability of the muscle to generate luxuriant force to overcome the imposed load. Small loads enable the muscle to react with mettlesome shortening velocities and heavy loads require most of the cross-bridges for lifting the load rather than accelerating it. 2The other relationship to consider is the causation velocity relationship. Power is the rate at which a muscle force out produce force and is defined as a product of force multiplied by velocity. The peak great might that a muscle send word generate increases rapidly as velocity increases until it reaches speeds up to 200 ccc degrees-s-1, when velocity increases beyond these values the power output of the muscle dec business organizations collectable to the reduced overla p between actin and myosin filaments. Peak power is also link up to the fiber type composition of the muscle. Muscles that fork out a greater portion of fast-twitch fibers generate a greater peak power than muscles that atomic number 18 broadly composed of slow-twitch fibers because fast-twitch fibers contain higher(prenominal) ATPase activity than slow-twitch at that placefore ATP is lost raven more rapidly. For athletes who engage in sports involving brief spurts of high power the explanation of the force, velocity and power relationship shows that these athletes generally contain a higher percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers than slow-twitch.Basketball is among the most popular sports internationally. It is a dynamic hazard with intermittent high intensity exercise that incorporates shit sprinting, rapid and repeated sudden changes in direction and firsting. These actions require fitted leg muscle dominance and anaerobic power that are much required during criti cal episodes of the game. Jumping is the most dominant act performed by a basketball game faker as it plays a part of variant defensive (blocking, rebounding and stealing)and playing offensive ( passing, shooting, lay ups and rebounding) manoeuvres during practices and games. When under real game situations are not only required to perform numerous high overflys but they demand to perform them in a competitive and demanding environment against the opposing team. Not only are they required jump higher they also have to jump higher than their opp wiznts in a minded(p) defensive or offensive situation. As a result it is one of the desired goals of basketball players, regardless of their playing position whether it is a guard, forward, or centres, to change their jumping ability in addition to them achieving a high level of competence in the other defensive and offensive plays they have to perform during the game.A number of studies have assessed vertical jump high gear in bas ketball players and come across mean values of jump heights ranging from 24.8cm3 in one moot up to 48.2cm4 in another. However most studies have give values that were above 40cm. For female players they depose have values of 22 48cm and male players 40-75cm1. besides from one of the studies they found that vertical jump heights improved after part victorious in plyometric reproduction and when just taking part in electric resistance educational activity alone the results showed that there was a lack of improvement in jump height but was a significant improvement in strength.The purpose of this investigation is to look at the relationship between force, velocity and power by taking part in commonly utilize resistance exercises the flat bench press and dumbbell tubby jumps. Also to design a training session for a basketball player to improve their fitness in the aspect of power.MethodThe participant that volunteered in this study was a 21 year old male bookman studying leve l 2 sport at Sunderland University and plays for the universitys basketball team. The disciple is 5ft 10 inches and a weight of 71kg. The field of force was informed about the procedures and demands of the study and signed a written consent form which was approved by the ethics committee at the university. As the worst is a basketball player they are regularly involved in team practices and matches and have had some experience in weight training as trains for strength 3 judgment of convictions a week.Flat bench pressThe protocol for the flat bench press is that the subject was well warmed up and thined the relevant muscles before beginning the exercise. When ready to perform the exercise the subject would assume a supine position by lying with their fundament on the bench, once comfortable on the bench theyd then image the barricado s quietly wider than shoulder length with a reason outd grip. The lookout man waits for the subject to give a signal for them to help assist i n moving the bar off the supports. All repetitions started from the position of the bar resting illuminely while mentioning the chest with the subjects elbows flexed. From the start position the subject pushes the bar upwards until the elbows are fully extended and then lowers the bar to touch the chest and not bouncing off it while keeping the wrists rigorous and directly above the elbows. The subject will first perform 5 repetitions with the bar unloaded and then increase the load to 10kg each date until they can no longer lift the current load. For this exercise it was important that two spotters were positioned at either end of the barbell (but not too terminal to distract the subject) and that they kept their hands in a position close to the ends of the barbell. The spotters also paid close attention to the subjects forearms and the barbell especially when the subject was experiencing difficulties in completing the repetitions. When following the bar they kept their back f lat, knees, hips and torso sparingly extended when spotting the movements. Velocity, force and power was measured using the Globus forge by having a line attached onto the end of the barbell ensuring that it didnt interfere with the movement. dumbbell Squat jumpsThe subject performed a warm up for 5 proceeding by cycling at 60 W on a cycle ergometer and then practiced performing squat jumps in a controlled manner with no crowd. The athlete squats down until the knees are set at 90 degrees with weight distributed evenly over both feet which they keep for couple of seconds and have both arms by their sides with some light bars. The athlete then jumps up vertically as high as come-at-able by applying force as fast as possible and then land back on the floor with both feet land at the same time. On every squat jump the stilt should be increased by 5 or 10kg increments until the subject is unable to perform a controlled squat jump. Every time the squat jump was performed the for ce, velocity and power was measured using the Globus system by attaching the line onto the end of the dumbbell. The subject also had 2 spotters supervising them while performing the squat jumps making sure there was minimum risk of injury.The data from both exercises were then presented on the computer and then plotted into force, velocity and power curves.Fig 1ResultsPresented above in gauge 1 is a graph of the force, power curve. The power curve is shaped like an change u and can see where the maximal amount of power of the muscle has peaked. From the graph power has peaked at 535 and decreased after this point. The subject lifted up to 90kg during the exercise but his maximal power was obtained at 40kg so 45% of the subjects 1RM is at 40kg.Dumbbell mass (kg)Total mass (kg)VelocityForcePower075.12.64181932701085.12.1101017202893.11.76971139734109.11.295797044119.11.1194085054129.10.8731517Fig 2Above in figure 2 is a table of the results from the squat jump test. From looking at the first score we can see that there was a importantly high force being generated for the jump and resulted in the high amount of power but when the load was increased the amounts of power within the jumps seemed to decrease. backchatFrom the results collected in the study the maximal power was found to occur at 40% of the subjects 1RM and compared to other studies it confirmed these results. The reason why the squat jump power scores are low could be down to jump not using any stored elastic energy in the musculotendinous unit due to it being too slow to allow potentiation from the corrupt reflex because of there being no eccentric form.To help improve jumping ability it may be beneficial to see whether plyometric training would be better instead of regular strength training as Plyometrics training involves lower loads and fast explosive movements using a prestretch or counter movement that involves the stretch shortening cycle and are related to skills relevant in the game of basketball. The purpose of plyometric exercises is to increase the power of subsequent movements by using both the natural elastic components of muscle and tendon and the stretch reflex. Plyometric training can increase muscle power by the explanation of two proposed mouldings mechanical and neurophysiological. In the mechanical model elastic energy is stored in the musculotendionous unit by the result of a stretch during the eccentric phase of a movement and when followed by a concentric muscle contraction the stored elastic energy is released and increases the total force production. The neurophysiological model involves the stimulation of muscle spindles at the eccentric phase caused by a rapid stretch and making a automatic movement action meaning when the concentric phase happens after there is increased muscle recruitment. Also the stretch shortening cycle employs both the storage capabilities of elastic energy and the stimulation of muscle spindles from the stimulation of stretch reflex.I think the basketball player would benefit greatly from a Plyometric training session as they are required to jump repeatedly throughout the game for rebounds, defending, shooting. By taking part in a mixed upper and lower body session the player would have the ability to produce more force in a shorter time when jumping giving them the chance to jump higher.Training Session Plyometrics trainingWarm up